1. Bazı araştırmacılar bir milyondan az nöron içeren bir beyne sahip olmalarına rağmen, bal arılarının sıfır kavramını anlama gibi karmaşık problemleri çözebildiklerini buldular.
- A) Some researchers have claimed that although they have a brain that contains a million neurons, honeybees can solve complex problems such as understanding the concept of zero.
- B) Despite having a brain containing less than a million neurons, honeybees have recently demonstrated that they are able to understand and solve even the most complex problems such as understanding the concept of zero.
- C) According to some researchers, though they have less than a million neurons, honeybees have such a brain that they can solve complex problems such as making out the concept of zero.
- D) Honeybees, which have a brain that contains less than a million neurons, have been proved to solve complex problems such as making out the concept of zero.
- E) Some researchers have found out that honeybees can solve complex problems such as understanding the concept of zero, even though they have a brain that contains less than a million neurons.
2. Dünyanın dört bir yanındaki astrofizikçiler daha önceleri ancak bilgisayar simülasyonları ile çizilebilen süper kütleli bir kara deliğin gerçek fotoğrafını kamuoyu ile paylaştılar.
- A) A super-mass black hole was shared by a group of astrophysicists around the world, even though; they couldn’t draw its photograph with computer simulations.
- B) The astrophysicists around the world shared a real photograph of a super-mass black hole that could only have been drawn with computer simulations before.
- C) After having been drawn with computer simulations, astrophysicists around the world shared a photograph of a real super-mass black hole.
- D) A real photograph of a super-mass black hole was shared by the astrophysicists around the world after being drawn with computer simulations.
- E) The astrophysicists around the world shared a computer simulation of a super-mass black hole whose real photograph hasn’t been drawn yet.
3. A theme park in France has established a novel and environmentally friendly way of keeping its grounds free of litter. ---- The birds pick up the litter and deposit it into a special trash can which then delivers some bird feed as a reward. The more litter the birds put in the trash can, the more food they get.
- A) Rooks like to communicate with humans and establish a relationship through play.
- B) The rooks are speedy workers and can fill a bucket with rubbish in less than 45 minutes.
- C) Some biologists say rooks, members of crow family, are as smart as a seven-year-old child.
- D) The goal is not just to clean up, as the visitors are generally careful to keep things clean.
- E) It has selected and trained six “intelligent” rooks to pick up rubbish and keep the park clean.
4. (I) First described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, Tardigrades are nearly indestructible terrestrial species in spite of their size. (II) They are known as water bears or moss piglets and are believed to survive extremes of cold, hot and even the vacuum of space. (III) The distribution of terrestrial species is affected by abiotic factors involving soil, rain and temperature. (IV) Besides, they can resist radiation doses of 5,000 to 6,000 grays, whereas humankind only survives a maximum dose of 5. (V) According to a new study, researchers predict that they will probably be the last species alive when the Earth eventually turns into an almost inhabitable place.
- A) V
- B) II
- C) III
- D) IV
- E) I
5. Both bacteria and viruses can cause diseases, but knowing which is the culprit is critical for the treatment to be effective.
- A) Virüsler gibi bakteriler de hastalığa yol açarlar ama etkili bir tedavi için en önemli ön koşul hangisinin suçlu olduğunu tespit etmektir.
- B) Hem bakteriler hem de virüsler bizi hasta edebilir ama suçlu olanın hangisi olduğunu bilmek doğru tedavi için son derece önemlidir.
- C) Hangisinin suçlu olduğu bilinmez ise virüsler ve bakteriler tedavisi zor olan ciddi hastalıklara yol açabilmektedir.
- D) Hem bakteriler hem de virüsler hastalıklara yol açar ve hangisinin suçlu olduğunu bilmek etkili tedavi için son derece önemidir.
- E) Hem bakteriler hem de virüsler hastalıklara sebep olabilirler ancak hangisinin suçlu olduğunu bilmek tedavinin etkili olması için son derece önemlidir
6. According to the paragraph, ----.
- A) the speed limits on rural roads must be less than 50mph in order to prevent accidents resulting in death
- B) it might not be possible to arrive at your destination earlier as there are other factors which will slow you down
- C) the only dangerous manoeuvre a driver can perform on a rural road is to overtake another vehicle
- D) overtaking a very slow vehicle is safe whether or not you have a good vision of the traffic in the opposite direction
- E) even if you avoid unnecessary overtaking, accidents might happen due to speeding on rural roads
7. Irish Potato Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, led to more than 1 million deaths and caused millions of people to emigrate from their country to North America and Great Britain.
- A) Büyük Açlık olarak da adlandırılan İrlanda Patates Kıtlığı 1 milyon kişinin ölümüne neden oldu ve böylece milyonlarca insan ülkelerinden kaçıp Kuzey Amerika ve Büyük Britanya’ya sığındı.
- B) İrlanda Patates Kıtlığı 1 milyon kişinin ölümüne yol açmakla beraber insanların ülkelerini terk edip Kuzey Amerika ve Büyük Britanya’ya kaçmalarına da neden olmuştur.
- C) Büyük Açlık olarak da bilinen İrlanda Patates Kıtlığı 1 milyondan fazla ölüme yol açtı ve milyonlarca insanın ülkelerinden Kuzey Amerika ve Büyük Britanya’ya göç etmesine neden oldu.
- D) Büyük Açlık olarak da bilinen İrlanda Patates Kıtlığı 1 milyon kişinin ölümüne ve milyonlarca insanın ülkelerini terk edip Kuzey Amerika ve Büyük Britanya’ya taşınmasına yol açtı.
- E) Büyük Açlık olarak da bilinen İrlanda Patates Kıtlığı 1 milyondan fazla kişinin ölümüne ve milyonlarca insanın ülkelerinden kaçıp Kuzey Amerika ve Büyük Britanya’ya sığınmasını kolaylaştırdı.
8. (I) Peter McNaughton, a professor of pharmacology at King’s College London, is a devoted optimist. (II) He acknowledges that his positivity can sometimes seem irrational, but he also knows that without it he wouldn’t have achieved all that he has. (III) And what he’s achieved is quite possibly monumental. (IV) These form the basis for a prospective painkilling drug with the potential to treat multiple chronic pain conditions. (V) After decades of research into the cellular basis of chronic pain, McNaughton believes he has discovered the fundamentals of a drug that might eradicate it.
- A) II
- B) IV
- C) I
- D) III
- E) V
9. 1-3. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Overtaking on single carriageway roads is one of the most dangerous manoeuvres drivers can perform, and is usually unnecessary. Overtaking is dangerous because it is impossible to accurately judge the speed and distance of approaching traffic. This lack of judgement can easily be fatal when travelling at speed on the wrong side of the road. If two vehicles headed towards each other are both travelling at 60mph, the gap between decreases by about 60 metres every second. It is, therefore, incredibly dangerous to overtake on rural roads, where there will rarely be enough straight, visible road ahead to be certain that nothing is coming in the opposite direction. It is also simply not worth it: if you are travelling at 55mph, and you overtake someone doing 50mph, and you have ten miles left of your journey, you’ll only arrive one minute faster than if you’d stayed behind the slower vehicle. However, in reality you wouldn’t even save this much time, as you would still need to slow down for bends, junctions, etc. Authorities advise that overtaking should be avoided unless absolutely essential, for instance to overtake an extremely slow moving vehicle on a long, open stretch, without speeding or traffic coming the other way. Otherwise just hang back, relax and enjoy the journey. What is the danger regarding overtaking on rural roads?
- A) The visibility of rural roads is usually not enough to see if another vehicle is coming in the opposite direction.
- B) Compared to urban roads, the maintenance of rural roads is performed less frequently.
- C) The traffic on rural roads is too dense, which makes it highly dangerous to overtake other vehicles.
- D) If the gap between two vehicles on opposite lanes is less than 60 metres, a fatal accident cannot be avoided.
- E) Drivers on rural roads are not aware of the possible threats while they are driving at 60mph or more.
10. Nancy : I suppose chronic diseases are on the rise because of an ageing population. Martin : That is not so simple. More than half of the patients catch them at early ages. Nancy : ---- Martin : No, it’s not. Urbanisation also plays quite an important role.
- A) I hope the specialists will soon find new ways of treating it.
- B) Really? So it’s not simply a condition of longer life.
- C) Can early diagnosis of the disease help younger patients?
- D) Are there any preventive health solutions to the condition?
- E) I am sure that efficient healthcare systems will be useful.
11. 14-18. sorularda verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. One of your friends has just been offered a job from two companies and she can’t decide which is more advantageous for her. You know that one of the companies requires long working hours despite its high salary and it will probably be difficult for her to take care of her children. She asks you for advice and you say: ----
- A) I don’t know much about the other company, but the one with a high salary can be acceptable for a woman with children.
- B) I think that being away from children for long hours can be tolerated for the sake of a high salary.
- C) I’m sure you will be satisfied with the job with a high salary as you will not be engaged with the housework at home.
- D) I know that you are an affectionate mom and working long hours at work and dealing with children at home can be stressful for you.
- E) If I were you, I wouldn’t consider how hard it is to work long hours as I only care about money.
12. The most important things to consider when trying to understand the story of the Christmas tree are the significance of evergreen plants in pagan cultures and the symbolism of the winter solstice.
- A) Pagan kültürlerindeki yaprak dökmeyen bitkiler ve kış gündönümünün sembolizmi Noel ağacını anlamaya çalışırken dikkat etmemiz gereken önemli şeylerdir.
- B) Noel ağacının öyküsünü anlamaya çalışırken, pagan kültürlerdeki yaprak dökmeyen ağaçların önemi ve kış gündönümündeki sembolizm en dikkat çeken unsurlardır.
- C) Noel ağacını anlamaya çalışırken dikkat etmemiz gereken en önemli şeyler pagan kültürlerindeki yaprak dökmeyen ağaçlar ve kış gündönümünün sembolizmidir.
- D) Pagan kültürlerindeki yaprak dökmeyen bitkilerin önemi ve kış gündönümünün sembolizmi Noel ağacının öyküsünü anlamaya çalışırken düşünmemiz gereken önemli şeylerdir.
- E) Noel ağacının öyküsünü anlamaya çalışırken göz önünde bulundurulması gereken en önemli şeyler pagan kültürlerdeki yaprak dökmeyen bitkilerin önemi ve kış gündönümünün sembolizmidir.
13. Burak : The report says, a company is launching some satellites in a project aimed at delivering affordable Internet access to every corner of the globe. Derya : ---- Burak : Well, China, Russia and North Korea have already voiced concerns that the network could damage their national security. Derya : As a matter of fact, they might be right as such a network could be used to gather intelligence.
- A) They’re going to start by focusing on connecting schools, connecting boats, connecting planes, and connecting huge territories of the planet.
- B) However, the project may be shut down before it can even begin since the threat of space junk is growing. So, only time will tell whether we see this project lift off.
- C) Connecting millions of people who are currently not connected will greatly transform their lives; however, I don’t think everyone will be happy at the prospect of a global network.
- D) I’ve read that too. It seems they have already launched six satellites and they intend to send some 600 more until the end of the year.
- E) The Russian government has been tightening its grip over the internet since social media facilitated huge protests against the government in 2011- 2013.
14. The authorities argue that ----.
- A) the elements of roads such as bends and junctions might cause traffic accidents unless the drivers are well aware of them
- B) it is worth overtaking when you still have a long way to go as you can save some time and arrive at your destination earlier
- C) if it is not definitely necessary, drivers should refrain from overtaking and take pleasure from relaxed driving
- D) whatever your speed, the gap between two vehicles on opposite directions closes so quickly that it is impossible to avoid crashes
- E) better roads with better visibility should be constructed so that the mortality rate of rural road accidents can be minimised
15. There isn’t enough evidence to prove that cell phones cause people to develop cancer because of using them too much.
- A) There are too many speculations about the cause of cancer developed in people who use cell phones too much.
- B) Scientists haven’t found any evidence about the idea that people develop cancer because of cell phones.
- C) Evidence exists to suggest that cell phones have the potential to cause cancer in people who use them too much.
- D) There are no satisfactory explanations to prove the idea that cell phones cause cancer in people.
- E) The evidence to support the assumption that cell phones cause people to develop cancer because of using them too much is not enough.
16. 30-35. sorularda verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. Hiroşima ve Nagazaki’ye atom bombaları atıldığından beri, hükümetler atomun barışçıl olduğu kadar savaşçı bir tarafının da olduğunu vurgulamaya çalışıyorlar.
- A) Governments have expressed both peaceful and warlike sides of the atom since the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- B) Governments have been trying to focus on the peaceful side of the atom side since Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed, which showed its warlike side.
- C) From the time of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, governments have been trying to focus on the peaceful side of the atom instead of its warlike side.
- D) Ever since the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, governments have been trying to stress that the atom has a warlike as well as a peaceful side.
- E) Governments have been trying to express that the atom is both peaceful and warlike since Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed.
17. The Scandinavians not only changed the history of European countries, but they also established territories in Iceland, Greenland and temporarily, North America.
- A) İskandinavlar sadece Avrupa ülkelerinin tarihini değiştirmemiş, aynı zamanda İzlanda, Grönland ve geçici olarak Kuzey Amerika’da yerleşim alanları kurmuştur.
- B) İskandinavlar İzlanda, Grönland ve Kuzey Amerika gibi ülkeleri ele geçirerek Avrupa ülkelerinin tarihini derinden etkilemiştir.
- C) İskandinavlar, işgal ettikleri İzlanda, Grönland ve geçici olarak Kuzey Amerika dışında Avrupa’nın tarihinde de köklü değişimlere neden olmuştur.
- D) İskandinavlar sadece Avrupa tarihini değiştirmemiş; İzlanda, Grönland ve geçici olarak Amerika’da da imparatorluk kurmuştur.
- E) İskandinavlar Avrupa ülkelerinin tarihini değiştirdikten sonra İzlanda, Grönland ve geçici olarak Kuzey Amerika’yı da topraklarına katmıştı.
18. Psikanalitik tedavinin amacı hastaların mevcut davranış, düşünce ve duygularında rol alabilecek bilinç dışı etkileri daha iyi anlamalarına yardımcı olmaktır.
- A) Psychoanalytic therapy helps patients better understand the unconscious forces that can play a role in their current behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.
- B) The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to help patients better understand the unconscious forces that can play a role in their current behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.
- C) The main target of psychoanalytic therapy is to get patients to understand the unconscious forces that can play a role in their current behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.
- D) One of the goals of psychoanalytic therapy is to help patients better understand the unconscious forces that can play a role in their current behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.
- E) Psychoanalytic therapy aims to help patients better understand the unconscious forces that play a role in their current behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.
19. 9-13. sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz. The foundation of the ancient pyramids still remains unknown despite the fact that scientists toil over them and do numerous scientific studies.
- A) Though scientists work very hard on ancient pyramids and do a lot of research, it isn’t yet known how they were built.
- B) Scientists still don’t know why the ancient pyramids were built, yet they do a lot of research to find it out.
- C) Ancient pyramids were founded in such a way that scientists still try to understand the secret of them.
- D) Scientists know very little about the foundation of the ancient pyramids, but they still work hard and do a lot of research to find some clues.
- E) We still don’t know how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids although there have been many studies to reveal their secrets.
20. According to most psychologists, our personalities are just like teeth: they’re stable on a daily basis, but can shift over time
- A) What all psychologists think is that our personalities are similar to teeth for they are stable from day to day, but it takes years for them to shift.
- B) To some psychologists, our personalities are very stable from day to day but they can change in time like our teeth.
- C) Most psychologists think that our personalities are somewhat similar to teeth, though they’re stable from day to day, they can change through the years.
- D) As stated by most psychologists, neither our personalities nor our teeth are stable day to day and they can change over a long period of time.
- E) Psychologists think that our personalities are similar to our teeth in that most of the time, they are stable; however, they can change as we grow up.
